01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and flour a 9-inch round cake pan.
02 - In a large bowl, cream sugar and butter until pale and fluffy. Add egg yolks one at a time, beating well after each addition. Mix in lemon zest and juice.
03 - In separate bowl, combine flour, baking powder, and salt.
04 - Add half the dry ingredients to wet mixture, mix gently. Add milk. Finish with remaining dry ingredients and mix just until incorporated.
05 - Beat egg whites to stiff peaks in clean bowl. Gently fold into batter in three additions, taking care not to deflate mixture.
06 - Pour batter into prepared pan and smooth top. Bake 30-35 minutes until toothpick inserted in center comes out clean. Cool in pan 10 minutes, then transfer to wire rack to cool completely.
07 - In saucepan, warm milk over medium heat until just simmering.
08 - Whisk together sugar, egg yolks, and cornstarch until smooth in separate bowl.
09 - Slowly pour hot milk into egg mixture while whisking constantly. Return to saucepan and cook over medium-low heat, stirring constantly, until thickened, 5-7 minutes.
10 - Remove from heat. Stir in butter, lemon zest, and lemon juice. Cover with plastic wrap directly on surface and cool completely.
11 - Slice cake horizontally in half. Spread lemon custard evenly over bottom layer, then top with second cake layer.
12 - Dust with powdered sugar and garnish with lemon slices or curls if desired. Chill 30 minutes before serving for best texture.