01 - Preheat the oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly with butter or cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, salt, baking powder, and baking soda until evenly distributed.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk the sourdough starter, eggs, melted butter, milk, and vanilla extract until smooth and well combined.
04 - Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients. Gently fold together with a spatula just until combined—do not overmix or muffins will become tough.
05 - Gently fold in the blueberries and lemon zest (if using) until evenly distributed throughout the batter.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes, until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean and the tops are golden brown.
08 - Allow muffins to cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.